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GDL - Publications

Adams, C. (2005) Probationary and non-probationary drivers' nighttime crashes in Western Australia, 1996-2000. Journal of Safety Research, 36(1): 33-37.

Agent, K.R., Pigman, J.G., Steenbergen, L.C., Pollack, S.H., Kidd, P.S., & McCoy, C. (2002) Evaluation of the Kentucky graduated driver licensing system. Chronicle of the American Driver and Traffic Safety Education Association, 50(1): 6-7.

Arnett, J.J. (2002) Developmental sources of crash risk in young drivers. Injury Prevention, 8(Suppl. II): 17-23.

Beck, K.H., Shattuck, T., & Raleigh, R. (2001b) Parental predictor of teen driving risk. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(1): 10-20.

Beck, K.H., Shattuck, T., & Raleigh, R. (2001a) A comparison of teen perception and parental reports of influence on driving risk. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(4): 376-388.

Begg, D., Brookland, R., Hope, J., Langley, J., & Broughton, J. (2003) New Zealand drivers study: Developing a methodology for conducting a follow-up study of newly licensed drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 34(3): 329-336.

Begg, D., & Stephenson, S. (2003) Graduated driver licensing: The New Zealand experience. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 99-105.

Begg, D.J., Stephenson, S., Alsop, J., & Langley, J. (2001) Impact of graduated driver licensing restriction on crashes involving young drivers in New Zealand. Injury Prevention, 7(4): 292-296.

Bingham, C.R., & Shope, J.T. (2005) Adolescent predictors of traffic crash patterns from licensure into early young adulthood. In: 49th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Safety. Barrington, Illinois: Association for the Advancement of Automobile Medicine.

Bingham, C.R., & Shope, J.T. (2004) Adolescent problem behavior and problem driving in young adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19(2): 205-223.

Boase, P., & Tasca, L. (1998) Graduated licensing system evaluation: Interim report. Toronto, Ontario: Safety Policy Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.

Bouchard, J., Dussault, C., Simard, R., Gendreau, M., & Lemire, A.M. (2000) The Quebec graduated licensing system for novice drivers: A two-year evaluation of the 1997 reform. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety, T-2000, Stockholm, Sweden.

Brovold, S., Ward, N., Donath, M., Simon, S., Shankwitz, C., & Creaser, J. (2007) The use of technology to address patterns of risk among teenage drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 38(4): 413-422.

Chen, L.-H., Braver, E.R., Baker, S.P., & Li,G. (2001) Potential benefits of restrictions on the transport of teenage passengers by 16 and 17 year old drivers. Injury Prevention, 7: 129-134.

Chen. L.-H., Baker, S.P., & Li, G. (2006) Graduated driver licensing programs and fatal crashes of 16-year-old drivers: A national evaluation. Pediatrics, 118(1): 56-62.

Chen, I.G., Durbin, D.R., Elliott, M.R., Senserrick, T., & Winston, F.K. (2006) Child passenger injury risk in motor vehicle crashes: A comparison of nighttime and daytime driving by teenage and adult drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 37(3): 299-306.

Christie, R. (2001) The effectiveness of driver training as a road safety measure: A review of the literature. Noble Park, Victoria, Australia: Royal Automobile Club of Australia.

Clinton, K.M., & Lonero, L. (2006) Guidelines for evaluating driver education programs. Washington, DC: American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety.

Clinton, K.M., Lonero, L.P., Mayhew, D.R., Beirness, D.J., Pezoldt, V.J., Black, D.R., & Olsen, E.C. (2006) Evaluating driver education programs: Comprehensive guidelines. Washington, DC: American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety.

Cooper, D., Akins, F., & Gillen, D. (2005) Measuring the impact of passenger restrictions on new teenage drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(1): 19-23.

Dee, T.S., Grabowski, D.C., & Morrissey, M.A. (2005) Graduated driver licensing and teen traffic fatalities. Journal of Health Economics, 24(3): 571-589.

Dussault, C., & Letendre, P. (1999) Graduated licensing in Quebec: The search for balance between mobility and safety. In G. Dionne & C. Laberge- Nadeau (Eds.), Automobile insurance: Road safety, new drivers, risks, insurance fraud, and regulation (pp. 195-200). Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Elliott, M.R., & Shope, J.T. (2003) Use of a Bayesian changepoint model to estimate effects of graduated driver's licensing program. Journal of Data Science, 1(1): 43-63.

Engrstrom, I., Gregersen, N.P., Hernetkoski, K., & Nyberg, A. (2003) Young novice drivers, driver education and training: Literature review. VTI rapport 491A. Linkoping, Sweden: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.

Ferguson, S.A. (2003) Other high-risk factors for young drivers - how graduated licensing does, doesn't, or could address them. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 71-77.

Ferguson, S.A., Teoh, E.R., & McCartt, A.T. (2007) Progress in teenage crash risk during the last decade. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 137-145.

Foss, R.D. (2007) Improving graduate driver licensing systems: A conceptual approach and its implications. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 185-192.

Foss, R.D., & Evenson, K.R. (1999) Effectiveness of graduated driver licensing in reducing motor vehicle crashes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 16(1; Suppl. I): 47-56.

Foss, R., Feaganes, J.R., Rodgman, E.A. (2001) Initial effects of graduated driver licensing on 16-year-old driver crashes in North Carolina. JAMA, 286(13): 1588-1592.

Foss, R., & Goodwin, A. (2003) Enhancing the effectiveness of graduated driver licensing legislation. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 79-84.

Goodwin, A.H., & Foss, R.D. (2004) Graduated driver licensing restrictions: Awareness, compliance, and enforcement in North Carolina. Journal of Safety Research, 35(4): 367-374.

Goodwin, A.H., Wells, J.K., Foss, R.D., & Williams, A.F. (2006) Encouraging compliance with graduated driver licensing restrictions. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4): 343-351.

Gregersen, N.P. (1998) Young car drivers. Why are they overrepresented in traffic accidents? How can driver training improve their situation? VTI rapport 409A. Linkoping, Sweden: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute.

Groeger, J.A., & Brady, S.J. (2004) Differential effects of formal and informal driver training. Road Safety Research Report No. 42. London, UK: Department of Transport.

Hartos, J.L., Simons-Morton, B.G., Beck, K.H., & Leaf, W.A. (2005) Parent-imposed limits on high-risk adolescent driving: Are they stricter with graduated driver licensing? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37(3): 557-562.

Hedlund, J. (2007) Novice teen driving: GDL and beyond. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 259-266.

Hedlund, J., & Compton, R. (2005) Graduated driver licensing research in 2004 and 2005. Journal of Safety Research, 36(2): 109-119.

Hedlund, J., & Compton, R. (2004) Graduated driver licensing research in 2003 and beyond. Journal of Safety Research, 35(1): 5-11.

Hedlund, J., Shults, R.A., & Compton, R. (2006) Graduated driver licensing and teenage driver research in 2006. Journal of Safety Research, 37(2): 107-121.

Hedlund, J., Shults, R.A., & Compton, R. (2003) What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know about graduated driver licensing. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 107-115.

Hirsch, P. (2003) Adolescent driver risk taking and driver education: Evidence of a mobility bias in public policymaking. Journal of Safety Research, 34(3): 289-298.

Hyde, L.K., Cook, L.J., Knight, S., & Olson, L.M. (2005) Graduated licensing in Utah: Is it effective? Annals of Emergency Medicine, 45(2): 147-154.

Keating, D.P. (2007) Understanding adolescent development: Implications for driving safety. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 147-157.

Laflamme, L., Vaez, M., Hasselberg, M., & Kullgren, A. (2005) Car safety and social differences in traffic injuries among young adult drivers: A study of two-car injury-generating crashes in Sweden. Safety Science, 43(1): 1-10.

Lee, J.D. (2007) Technology and teen drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 203-213.

Lin, M.-L., & Fearn, K.T. (2003) The provisional license: Nighttime and passenger restrictions - a literature review. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 51-61.

Lonero, L.P., Clinton, K.M., Persaud, B.N., Chipman, M. L., & Smiley, A.M. (2005) A longitudinal analysis of the Manitoba public insurance driver education program. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Manitoba Public Insurance.

Masten, S.V., & Hagge, R.A. (2004) Evaluation of California's graduated driver licensing program. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5): 523-535.

Mayhew, D.R. (2007) Driver education and graduated licensing in North America: Past, present, and future. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 229-235.

Mayhew, D.R. (2003). The learner's permit. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 35-43.

Mayhew, D.R., & Simpson, H.M. (1999) Youth and road crashes: Reducing the risks from inexperience, immaturity and alcohol. Ottawa, Ontario: Traffic Injury Research Foundation.

Mayhew, D.R., & Simpson, H.M. (1996) Effectiveness and role of driver education in a graduated licensing system. Ottawa, Ontario: Traffic Injury Research Foundation.

Mayhew, D.R., & Simpson, H.M. (1995) The role of driving experience: Implications for the training and licensing of new drivers. Toronto, Ontario: Insurance Bureau of Canada.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., Desmond, K., & Williams, A.F. (2003) Specific and long-term effects of Nova Scotia's graduated licensing program. Traffic Injury Prevention, 4(2): 91-97.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., Williams, A.F., & Desmond, K. (2002) Specific and long-term effects of Nova Scotia's graduated licensing program. Arlington, Virginia: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., Ferguson, S.A., & Williams, A.F. (1999) Graduated licensing in Ontario: A survey of parents. Journal of Traffic Medicine, 27(3-4): 71-80.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., & Pak, A. (2003) Changes in collision rates among novice drivers during the first months of driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(5): 683-691.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., Singhal, D., & Desmond, K. (2006) Reducing the crash risk for young drivers. Washington, DC: American Automobile Association.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., & Singhal, D. (2005) Best practices for graduated licensing in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario: Traffic Injury Research Foundation.

Mayhew, D.R., Simpson, H.M., Groseillers, M., & Williams, A.F. (2001) Impact of the graduated driver licensing program in Nova Scotia. Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control, 2(3): 179-192.

McCartt, A.T., Leaf, W.A., Farmer, C.M., Ferguson, S.A., & Williams, A.F. (2001) Effects of Florida's graduated licensing program on the behaviors and attitudes of teenagers. Journal of Safety Research, 32(2): 119-131.

McCartt, A.T., Shabanova, V.I., & Leaf, W.A. (2003) Driving experience, crashes and traffic citations of teenage beginning drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(3): 311-320.

McGehee, D.V., Raby, M., Carney, C., Lee, J.D., & Reyes, M.L. (2007) Extending parental mentoring using an event-triggered video intervention in rural teen drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 215-227.

McKay, M.P., Cobden, J.H., & Larkin, G.L. (2003) Driving beliefs and behaviors of novice teen drivers and their parents: Implications for teen driver crash risk. In: 47th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automobile Medicine. Burlington, Illinois: Association for the Advancement of Automobile Medicine.

McKnight, A.J., & McKnight, A.S. (2003) Young novice drivers: Careless or clueless? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35(6): 921-925.

McKnight, A.J., & Peck, R.C. (2003) Graduated driver licensing and safer driving. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 85-89.

McKnight, A.J., & Peck, R.C. (2002) Graduated driver licensing: What works? Injury Prevention, 8(Suppl II.): ii32-ii38.

Preusser, D.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Williams, A.F. (1999) The effects of learner's permit requirements in Tennessee - prevention measures for young drivers or novice drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 30(4): 211-217.

Preusser, D.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Williams, A.F. (1998) The effect of teenage passengers on the fatal crash risk of teenagers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 30(2): 217-222.

Preusser, D.F., Ferguson, S.A., Williams, A.F., Leaf, W.A., & Farmer, C.M. (1998) Teenage driver licensure rates in four states. Journal of Safety Research, 29(2): 97-105.

Preusser, D.F., & Leaf, W.A. (2003) Provisional license. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 45-49.

Preusser, D.F., & Tison, J. (2007) GDL then and now. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 159-163.

Raymond, P., Jones, M., Golembiewski, G., Seifert, R.F., Nichols, J., & Knolbauch, R. (2007) Evaluation of Oregon's graduated driver licensing program. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Rice, T.M., Peek-Asa, C., & Kraus, J.F. (2004) Effects of the California graduated driver licensing program. Journal of Safety Research, 35(4): 375-381.

Senserrick, T.M. (2007) Recent developments in young driver education, training, and licensing in Australia. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 237-244.

Senserrick, T., & Haworth, N.L. (2005) Review of literature regarding national and international young driver training, licensing, and regulatory systems. Report No. 239. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: Monash University Accident Research Centre.

Shope, J.T. (2007) Graduated driver licensing: Review of evaluation results since 2002. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 165-175.

Shope, J.T., & Molnar, L.J. (2004) Michigan's graduated driver licensing program: Evaluation of the first four years. Journal of Safety Research, 35(3): 337-344.

Shope, J.T., & Molnar, L.J. (2003) Graduated driver licensing in the United States: Evaluation results from the early programs. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 63-69.

Shope, J.T., Molnar, L.J., Elliott, M.R., & Waller, P.F. (2001) Graduated driver licensing in Michigan: Early impact on motor vehicle crashes among 16-year-old drivers. JAMA, 286(13): 1593-1598.

Simons-Morton, B. (2007) Parent involvement in novice teen driving: Rationale, evidence of effects, and potential for enhancing graduated driver licensing effectiveness. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 193-202.

Simons-Morton, B.G., & Hartos, J.L. (2003) How well do parents manage young driver crash risks? Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 91-97.

Simpson, H.M. (2003) The evolution and effectiveness of graduated licensing. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 25-34.

Simpson, H.M. (Ed.) (1996) New to the road: Reducing the risks for young motorists. Los Angeles, California: University of California at Los Angeles.

Twisk, D.A.M., & Stacey, C. (2007) Trends in young driver risk and countermeasures in European countries. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 245-257.

Ulmer, R.G., Ferguson, S.A., Williams, A.F., & Preusser, D.F. (2001) Teenage crash reduction associated with delayed licensure in Connecticut. Journal of Safety Research, 32(1): 31-41.

Ulmer, R.C., Preusser, D.F., Williams, A.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Farmer, C.M. (2000) Effect of Florida's graduated licensing program on the crash rate of teenage drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 32(4): 527-532.

Ulmer, R.G., Preusser, D.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Williams, A.F. (1999) Teenage crash reduction associated with delayed licensure in Louisiana - implications for licensure policies. Journal of Safety Research, 30(1): 31-38. Waller, P.F. (2003) The genesis of GDL. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 17- 23.

Waller, P.F., Olk, M.L., & Shope, J.T. (2000) Parental views of and experience with Michigan's graduated licensing program. Journal of Safety Research, 31(1): 9-15.

Wiggins, S. (2004) Graduated licensing program: Interim evaluation report - year 3. Victoria, British Columbia: Insurance Corporation of British Columbia.

Williams, A.F. (2007a) Contribution of the components of graduated licensing to crash reductions. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 177-184.

Williams, A.F. (2007b) Science and graduated licensing. Journal of Safety Research, 38(2): 131.

Williams, A.F. (2006) Young driver risk factors: Successful and unsuccessful approaches for dealing with them and an agenda for the future. Injury Prevention, 12(Suppl. I), i4-i8.

Williams, A.F. (2005) Commentary: Next steps for graduated licensing. Traffic Injury Prevention, 6(3): 199-201.

Williams, A.F. (2003) Teenage drivers: Patterns of risk. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 5-15.

Williams, A.F. (2003) The compelling case for graduated licensing. Journal of Safety Research, 34(1): 3-4.

Williams, A.F. (1999) Graduated licensing comes to the United States. Injury Prevention, 5: 133-135.

Williams, A.F., Ferguson, S.A., Leaf, W.A., & Preusser, D.F. (1998) Views of parents of teenagers about graduated licensing systems. Journal of Safety Research, 29(1): 1-7.

Williams, A.F., Preusser, D.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Ulmer, R.G. (1997) Analysis of the fatal crash involvements of 15-year-old drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 28(1): 49-54.

Williams, A.F., & Ferguson, S.A. (2002) Rationale for graduated licensing and risks it should address. Injury Prevention, 8(Suppl. II): ii9-ii16.

Williams, A.F., Ferguson, S.A., & McCartt, A.T. (2007) Passenger effects on teenage driving and opportunities for reducing the risks of such travel. Journal of Safety Research, 38(4): 381-390.

Williams, A.F., Ferguson, S.A., & Wells, J.K. (2005) Sixteen-year-old drivers in fatal crashes, United States, 2003. Traffic Injury Prevention, 6(3): 202-206.

Williams, A.F., Leaf, W.A., Simons-Morton, B.G., & Hartos, J.L. (2006) Parents' views of teen driving risks, the role of parents, and how they plan to manage the risks. Journal of Safety Research, 37(3): 221-226.

Williams, A., & Mayhew, D.R. (2004) Graduated licensing: A blueprint for North America. Arlington, Virginia: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Williams, A.F., Nelson, L.A., & Leaf, W.A. (2002) Responses to teenagers and their parents to California's graduated licensing system. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34(6): 835-842.

Williams, A.F., & Shabanova, V.I. (2003) Responsibility of drivers, by age and gender, for motor-vehicle crash deaths. Journal of Safety Research, 34(5): 527-531.

Wolming, S., & Wiberg, M. (2004) The Swedish driver licensure examination: Exploration of a two-stage model. Journal of Safety Research, 35(5): 491-495.